Shapes of Ice

Shapes of ice do depend on how fast they felt, no doubt about it. Here is what people ask. â€Å"Does the shape of an ice cube affect the rate at which the ice cube will melt?†, and the answer to that question is a definite yes.Have you ever looked at an ice cube and just watched it melt?It is surprisingly very, very interesting. All of us have better things to do besides that, but if you have, you won't regret it. Anyway, the answer to that experiment is yes because it is scientifically proven. Many scientists in the world have wondered this same question, and they all have turned out to get the same answer. When these people finally got their answer, they all have gotten close, if not the exact same answers if they have chosen the shapes to form. Scientists have done this experiment in many ways, such as choosing different shapes to form and melt, choosing the amount of water to freeze, and the temperature of the room they have to melt the cubes.( University of Illinois, 2007). One important thing that is looked at is the scientists' hypotheses. Many scientists' hypotheses are very different, knowing it is an educated guess, but the end result shows they all come up with nearly the same answer, and that is the rectangular ice cube will melt the fastest, no matter how large they make the cube. ( Zimmermann, 2017). The most complicated question behind this experiment is why is it the rectangular shape that melts the fastests. The rate at which the ice cubes melt is also called the fusion rate. Ice melts when a warmer medium, such as air or water comes into contact with the ice surface. Also, in order to know exactly which shape melts the fastest, they need to have the same volume, or the experiment will be pointless. An important thing to know is the greater the surface area, the quicker the ice cube will melt. Other people's experiments have been slightly different than what we have here, but they are known to choose the rectangular shape as one of their shapes the majority of the time. (â€Å"Ice Melting†, 2013). It also states that each scientists went through about the same struggles during the process of the experiment. ( l Zimmermann, 2017.). The most simple struggle was getting the particular shape out of the container without having it break or making it deformed. Because the shapes weren't the normal shape, it is tricky to get it out of the ice cube tray. Many scientist have had a question, and that is the exact opposite of the question people usually deal with. Not how fast they melt, but how fast they freeze. All in all, the rectangular shape, because it is flat and has more surface area than the others, will melt the fastest. If you think and picture in your mind, the larger the surface area is, the more heat will get to it at the same time, and of course heat melts ice. ( David Zimmermann, 2017.) ( â€Å"Shapes of Ice Cubes†, n.d.)

Communication Ethics

Vasquez, Maria Josefina Clara I. Purposive Communication 1BES2 Prof. Gloria Ward Communication Ethics The videos posted were about how people now a days are being unsocial, communication ethics, ethical issues and generation Z. Allison Graham's â€Å"How social media makes us unsocial† talks about the differences back then when it was simpler and how it has affected us now. According to (Transcriber, 2014) she said in her video, â€Å"I remember we had pagers time seemed a little simpler back then you get to be you may return the call you may not return the call.† And now she said (Transcriber, 2014) â€Å"I see families like this out to dinner all the time and it drives me nuts and I see couples on dates clearly together but on their cell phones.† You can see how back then there was no such thing as social media and now we are so dependent on this platform that we forget to socialize. Communication ethics is a term the most of us know because we need this in our daily lives may it be at school, home, or work. According to (Lipari, 2017) â€Å"Communication ethics concerns the creation and evaluation of goodness in all aspects and manifestations of communicative interaction.† For us to be able to have a healthy relationship with the people around us we need communication ethics because not everything that we say is acceptable to them vice versa. Even though we have communication ethics there are still ethical issues mainly in social media. In a YouTube video of Tyler Adams and Jenna Payne (2014) they shared 10 ethical issues in social media, but I will just input 5 Once you put something out there, it's there forever, Copyright, what you say can reach a lot of people, be aware of current events and trends, and Never lie or use misguiding information. These ethical issues are very important because one mistake can lead to another just like a domino effect. Generation Z are the ones who were born 1995 onwards while Millennials were born from 1980-1994 (Ahmad, 2018). According to (Beall, 2017), â€Å"Generation Z (also known as Post-Millennials, the iGeneration, Founders, Plurals, or the Homeland Generation) is the demographic cohort following the Millennials.† The Generation Z and Millennials have their own differences, in George Beall's article he wrote about 8 key differences between Gen Z and Millennials. Generation Z tends to be less focused than Millennials because this is due to the fact that by using social media the process for information is faster and this leads to low attention span (Beall, 2017). The videos posted was able to help me grasp the importance of communication ethics. It also made me realize how reliant I am to my phone and especially social media. The topics discussed was important because we use this daily from the moment we wake up until we fall back to sleep. It is important to know what we are supposed to do and not supposed to do. Social media is a way for us to connect with our family, friends, or even strangers (accan, n.d.). The social media platforms that most of us know is Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram (accan, n.d.). These are platforms where you can share anything from posts to pictures or it can be used as a way to talk to your family, friends, or strangers. But even though social media helped us connect with people there is still a need to know how to be responsible in social media. Not everything that we delete in social media is deleted permanently it is still there. Social media is a platform to share ideas and insights it is not supposed to be used for bullying or sending hate messages. A research done by Sameer Hinduja, Ph.D. and Justin W. Patchin, Ph.D. (2009) on Safe and Responsible Social Networking was able to give ways on how to be safe in social media, they stated that the profile in social media should be private even though you know your friends well, secondly make sure that the pictures that you post is decent and not party pictures because this may be not good in your workplace, lastly don't put information on your social media that you want other people to know about because this could be used against you. Even though the videos posted on blackboard is helpful having readings about the topics is a need because it will add to the knowledge that we already know. The topic needs research because there are a lot of ways to be responsible in social media and there are also different ways to be ethical. All in all, the videos were helpful because there was enough information for someone to have a general background of the topics. These topics should be taught to students because our generation is reliant on our gadgets and social media and this topic helps everyone know thee do's and don'ts in social media. Communication ethics is a need in a daily basis because every day we socialize, and it is good to know how we are supposed to socialize with other people. BibliographyT. (2014, November 10). Transcriber.wiki. Retrieved October 12, 2018, from https://transcriber.wiki/?transcription=0f39ad0d7919c21e1074c253c43ae3d5Lipari, L. A. (2018, April 18). Communication Ethics. Retrieved October 12, 2018, from http://communication.oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.001.0001/acrefore-9780190228613-e-58Adams, T., & Payne,J. (2014, September 12). 10 Ethical Issues in Social Media #CajigasSMLL. Retrieved October 12, 2018, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b_fulKc5wh0&t=4sAhmad, I. (2018, February 27). Comparing The Differences BetweenGeneration Z and Millennials [Infographic]. Retrieved October 12, 2018, from https://www.socialmediatoday.com/news/comparing-the-differences-between-generation-z-and-millennials-infographic/517903/Beall, G. (2017, November 06). 8 Key Differences betweenGen Z and Millennials. Retrieved October 12, 2018, from https://www.huffingtonpost.com/george-beall/8-key-differences-between_b_12814200.htmlAccan. (n.d.). Introduction to social media. Retrieved October 12, 2018, from https://accan.org.au/files/TipSheets/Introduction to Social Media.pdfHinduja, S., Ph.D., & Patchin, J. W., Ph.D. (2009). Safe and Responsible Social Networking. Retrieved October 12, 2018, from https://cyberbullying.org/safe-responsible-social-networking.pdf

Hrm 531 Performance Plan

?Feedback & Performance Improvement: Sales Team will be given feedback in three formats: 1. Weekly Sales Quota Report 2. Monthly Customer Service Report 3. Quarterly Sales Associate Performance Report Employees will have the opportunity to set up a meeting with the training manager to work on any area that received a score of requires improvement. This will be available weekly for Sales Quota Reports, monthly for Customer Service Reports and quarterly for Performance Reports. Employees receiving scores above requires improvement will also be able to set up meetings with the Training Manager after all requires improvement meetings have been completed. We believe the ability to meet with the training manager will allow all sales associates to reach higher levels of performance. Training Manager may set up subsequent meetings with Sales Managers and Sales Customer Service Manager if additional on-the-job training is required. Promotions and Educational Opportunities When open positions become available in the Sales Leadership Team members of the Sales Team will be given the opportunity to submit applications and resumes for the available position. Remaining members of the Sales Leadership Team and Senior Management will then conduct interviews of the top three Sales Associates considered for the position. If a member of the Sales Associate Team is not chosen to fill the open position then the job will be flown to the public. Educational Opportunities are available to all Sales Associates. If a Sales Associate would like to attend a conference style training (1-5 day training) approval will be required by the Sales Leadership Team. If a Sales Associate would like to receive a bachelor or masters degree and would like partial tuition support from EnviroTech approval will be required from the Sales Leadership Team and the Senior Management Team. Family Support We at EnviroTech realize that you have a family outside of work for this reason the following programs are offered: Family Medical Leave Act: FMLA requires covered employers to provide up to 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave to †eligible† employees for certain family and medical reasons. Employees are eligible if they have worked for their employer for at least one year, and for 1,250 hours over the previous 12 months, and if there are at least 50 employees within 75 miles. The FMLA permits employees to take leave on an intermittent basis or to work a reduced schedule under certain circumstances. If you feel you may have a situation that may qualify for time under the FMLA please contact Human Resources as soon as possible. Sick Time / Personal Time: Sick Time or Personal Time may be used for situations pertaining to the employee or members of their immediate family (spouse, partner, children, or parents) Parental Educational Support: Employees may take off up to 20 hours a year of unpaid time off to attend parent conferences, school meetings, or volunteer time. Employee’s immediate supervisor must be informed at least one week prior to this requested time off. Leadership Team: Adaptation for Sales Leadership Team Members for career advancement Jim Martin, Vice President of Sales Jim Martin currently has a bachelor’s degree and has expressed a desire to go back to school for his Masters in Business Administration. The Senior Management Team has agreed to pay half of Jim’s tuition since this is related to his current position. Shane Huck, Sales Manager Shane has requested to attend the Covey Leadership: Great Leaders, Great Teams, Great Results (3-Day Workshop) all members have agreed that this training will facilitate with the training of the Sales Associates so it has been approved. Tom Gonzalez, Sales Manager Tom currently feels that the Train the Trainer program is enough to handle at the moment. He has been mentoring some sales associates and feels that his home life is suffering due to extended work hours. He may be choosing to work a flex week of 4 ten hour days to support both the sales team and his home life. This has been approved by Senior Management. Susan Burnt, Sales Customer Manager Susan is currently mentoring many sales associates in customer management. She is currently being given a mentoring stipend because of her dedication to these associates. Ving Hsu, Training / Product Educator Manager Ving has requested The Brooks Group training. EnviroTech has sent sales staff to The Brooks Group training in the past and feel that the return of investment was positive. Ving has also been cross training with the sales manager and customer service manager so he can assist the sales associates more fully. Conclusion and Budget: The current budget for this plan is zero dollars. The trainings are allocated under a special â€Å"training† budget and must be approved by the Leadership Team and Senior Management Team. This plan is expected to be effective because of the prior â€Å"buy-in† by members of the Leadership Team and Sales Associates. The benefits for this plan are expected to be higher job satisfaction, higher customer satisfaction, and a deeper understanding of company policies and procedures. The return of investment for this project is expected to be shown in a higher volume of sales and customer retention.

Ethics Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Ethics Assignment - Essay Example This is the salient issue for Rockwood's suit against Becton Dickinson: The distinction between rights and responsibilities. Case Facts Rockwood's suit against Dickinson has a long history, but the issue is simple. Dickinson did not create a wide enough range of sizes for their patented product, causing hospitals to instead embrace unsafe practices with needlepricking instead of the Dickinson safety syringe. Rockwood alleges that doing so led directly and predictably to injury. The legal issues behind this are obviously complex, but the ethical issues are possible to discuss. The assumptions behind the allegation of Dickinsons' liability are clear. Ethical Issues Issues at stake here are 1. Public health. It's not just that Rockwood got sick, but she got sick with a communicable disease. 2. Corporate strategy. Corporations need to pursue a wide range of strategies in the marketplace without fear of eventual suing simply because they didn't offer a product. 3. The bounds of the law. L aw should only be able to go so far in legislating morality. Ethical Dilemma Should the Court violate Dickinson's potential right to pursue their product array as they see fit, or should they take them to task for failing to protect Rockwood? Analysis A rights-based analysis would deliver differing opinions depending on the rights they enshrine. Someone emphasizing rights to life, health or responsible treatment might argue that Rockwood not only has a right to pursue a suit and receive compensation but also an obligation to do so. But many rights-based analyses such as market libertarians' analyses would emphasize the rights of the company to provide the services they wish. Advocates like Milton Friedman, Nozick and Murray Rothbard would argue that Dickinson had made a calculation, even if misguided or potentially immoral or callous, that they would not provide the services and goods they created with their own hard work in a particular fashion. This is their inviolable right, in t his view, and thus they cannot be sued or brought to task legally in any fashion. Dickinson was satisfying their only obligation worth discussing: The obligation to their shareholders. Under this view, an individual has absolute control over their labor and property. Whatever they made under conditions of justice (e.g. no theft, fraud or embezzlement) is theirs. Dickinson had no responsibility to provide a different product. It is absurd to take them to court for not providing a product! They did no wrong and in fact performed their duty: Enlarging market share for shareholders. A utilitarian analysis, on the other hand, would point out that what Dickinson did was not in the interest of the greatest good for the greatest number. Dickinson had no compelling reason: They could have made more money by providing their safety needles in different sizes. The court should rule in the favor of Rockwood, in the utilitarian view, as a matter of social policy and justice: What Dickinson did wa s unethical and inappropriate. A utilitarian might end up admitting that, under the law, Rockwood had no case, but still argue that Dickinson had committed wrong. Distributive justice is concerned with the distribution of goods across society

Personal Ethical Standards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Personal Ethical Standards - Essay Example I will talk to him to make sure he promises to change his trouble making habits in order to get back his mail rights. I will not promise him anything fruitful until I have talked to my chief officer if I am a junior officer. I will need to approach my chief officer and be able to convince him positively if I feel the inmate really deserves the favor. The chief officer with a good experience is able to make decisions on matters, which are not so crucial and harmful (Pollock, 2004). Since this may be a matter involving urgent home issues for the inmate, I would try to convince the chief officer and make sure he gets the favor done for him, only with a promise to improve his behavior in the prison. After that, I will ensure the inmate works tirelessly to improve his conduct, in order to prove himself and to gain positive attitude from other officers. The major ethical system that my response relates closely is â€Å"Acting impartially† this is because, as long as I am convinced, the request is genuine and I have informed a more senior person (Pollock, 2004). I am not acting against the rules, and I am not being

Business report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business report - Research Paper Example Business report In the present day scenario, the hospitality, leisure and tourism industry of the world is experiencing immense growth owing to augmenting demand from the customers towards the facilities served by this particular industry. The industry is precisely explained as one of the major service industries that offer wide range of services like lodging, restaurant facilities, theme park benefits and transportation facilities among others, to a wide range of customers. Correspondingly, maintaining high level of integrity and delivering due significance towards the level of employee commitment is also crucial in order to obtain overall business efficiency. 1.0. Background Considering the chances witnessed in the modern era, it can be argued that the immense growth of the hospitality and the tourism industry has been stimulated largely due to the increasing number of people getting attracted towards the wide range of services offered by the participating companies. Notably, maint aining a balance between the quality and quantity of services in the hospitality industry often raise to be a noteworthy challenge, which in turn requires effective organisational leadership practices. Implementation of this particular approach is often argued as an important aspect for the long term sustainability of the industry (Laws, 2004). Aim of the Report. The aim of this report will to evaluate the importance of customer service in the hospitality, leisure and tourism industry around the world and the corresponding components that tend to influence the strategic effectives of its practices in this regard. Accordingly, the paper will recommended for the future approach that the participant companies should undertake with regard to providing effective and integrated customer services in this particular industry. 2.0. Discussion Customers are widely considered as the key attribute of any form of business, especially in the present day context, where the performance of the busin ess is entirely dependent on the behaviour of the customers. However, the importance of customers in the hospitality, leisure and tourism industry resides to a higher level owing to the fact that it is a service industry and also due to the reason that customer retention by ensuring maximum customer satisfaction is the key to sustainability in the industry structure. Providing services to the customers and that too in an efficient and dedicated manner is the core success factor for companies operating in this particular industry in today’s contemporary setting (Leland & Bailey, 2006). Customer Services. As described in the above section of the report, customers are the primary driving force in hospitality business in today’s contemporary world. According to the study of Leland & Bailey (2006), customer service is regarded to be a particular approach taken with the intention to ensure better customer satisfaction through effective and integrated service based business o perations. In precise, it is the assistance or the advice any business provides to its targeted customers on the purchase of services offered. Although the mechanism is not limited to the hospitality industry, it shall not be pious to state that the approach has its maximum significance in this particular

Native Guard Poems By Natasha Trethewey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Native Guard Poems By Natasha Trethewey - Essay Example The poem profoundly conveys her heart for the blacks in rich voice texture and images of truths concerning the battles not only against slavery for the fellow blacks but even with the unsettled issue of freedom that appears detached from the desired racial equality. â€Å"Native Guard† begins with an epigraph attributed to the 19th century social reformer and statesman Frederick Douglass stating â€Å"... if this war is to be forgotten, I ask in the name of all things sacred what shall men remember?† in reference to the Civil War which Trethewey revitalizes with her literary design. Utilizing ten stanzas each bearing distinct date, the poet pays tribute to one member of the Louisiana Native Guards being â€Å"the first officially sanctioned regiment of black soldiers in the Union Army.† With reference to the first line where the speaker expresses  Ã¢â‚¬ Truth be told, I do not want to forget†, the native guard himself is shown to have gathered to his sen sibility an essential contemplation of the past, adding â€Å"†¦I thought to carry with me / want of freedom though I had been freed, / remembrance not constant recollection†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . ... s and ends with a memory wherein the last line of each sonnet becomes a variant of the subsequent sonnet's opening line, as in a meaningful chronology of historical events. Since â€Å"Native Guard† is a first-person narrative supposedly by an unnamed ex-slave in an all-black regiment of the Union Army, the lines can be observed to possess stately approach to language and structure. Within the poem’s context is the presence of circularity depicting circumstantial shifts as one finds the former slave guarding the imprisoned inside the Union fort at Mississippi’s Ship Island. Comparing his personal life in relation to his professional life as a military officer who look after welfare of the fallen rebels, he states – I now use ink to keep record, a closed book, not the lure of memory — flawed, changeful — that dulls the lash for the master, sharpens it for the slave. For the slave, having a master sharpens the bend into work, the way the sergea nt moves us now to perfect battalion drill, dress parade. Trethewey’s style of writing in â€Å"Native Guard† is characteristic of a speaker’s tone or at least, a sound representative of the way speech is made in the culture or group the narrator has become a part of. Like journal entries, the words are phrased and constructed in a manner that indirectly yet effectively states the type of sentiments involved and along the following lines, the bitterness may be sensed with the drop of the last two words – †¦We’re called supply units - not infantry – and so we dig trenches, haul burdens for the army no less heavy than before. I heard the Colonel call it Nigger work†¦ Often, the work celebrates not only the factual details which history is not made to confront or disclose but also the most excruciating truths that

Gaunilo's argument from Anselm's point of view Essay

Gaunilo's argument from Anselm's point of view - Essay Example Gaunilo, a fellow monk and believer sought to oppose Anselm’s argument, saying it would force people to conclude existence of other non- existent things. His critic is usually described by philosophers as an overload idea, because he does not show how Anselm’s ideas are wrong but rather how it unsound in all applications, if it is unsound in one. Gaunilo argues that â€Å"god† in the argument placed by Anselm can be replaced by anything, in his case, â€Å"the perfect island. â€Å"Suppose we replace God with an island, this is how it would flow. Imagine a perfect island of which none like it is conceivable, now this idea exists in your mind. The existence of a perfect island in both the mind and in reality is greater than if it only exists in the mind. If the concept of a perfect island exists in the mind then we can imagine an island better than the â€Å"perfect island†. But we cannot imagine an island greater than this; we can conclude that this perf ect island exists. In defense of his theory, Anselm would argue that the idea of what entails a perfect island varies from one person to another, for example, to me, a perfect island would be one with sandy beaches and human occupation, while to another that would be one that is deserted and with abundance of let’s say fruits. ... In the second way he argues that no object can create itself, therefore there must be a first cause (God), who began the chain of existence of all things. Aquinas reconciled faith and reason, by borrowing heavily from Aristotle. The second cause is explained using the following steps; 1) The natural world has things that are caused by other things. There is therefore an order of efficient causes in the sensible world. Every sensible event that takes place has a distinct cause. 2) In the natural world, nothing can be the cause of itself. There is hardly a case in which an event in the natural world was caused by itself. Events occur that were caused by events rate than themselves. 3) In the natural world there cannot be an endless string of objects causing other objects to exist. We can therefore say that causes are preceded by effects. 4) There exists a supernatural being that causes the first chain of events; therefore the cause of such events is called God. The supernatural force h as to be a person with immense power and with divine attributes such as being omnipresent. These inferences are drawn from nature and causation. This argument has some flaws for example the identity of the cause does not have to be God. It is flawed to assume that the cause of the events that take place in nature has to originate from one location for all of them. There is a possibility that there may be multiple causes, not related to each other. Moreover, the cause does not have to be supernatural, but could be other causes such as the universe. In conclusion, this theory begs the question as to why infinite causal chains are impossible, for example it can be assumed that there exists no beginning, middle or end time, therefore the

Law ass5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Law ass5 - Essay Example The decedent’s relatives are now suing the Inn. Your district manager asks you to â€Å"put an end to such problems,† and warns you that another incident like this could â€Å"cost you your job.† While you are certainly sympathetic to the plight of the homeless, you also want to keep your job. You feel that installing barbed-wire at the top of the fence would be inhumane and would also scare your guests. In stead, you opt to turn to a small company that manufactures electric fences for cattle. The solution they recommend is to run a â€Å"hot wire† at the top of the fence. The wire would deliver a mild, normally non-lethal, electric shock to a would be trespasser. A week later you install the wire. Two days later, another inebriated homeless man, who has a pacemaker, climbs the fence. He dies instantly as a result of the mild electric shock. His family sues the Inn. 1. Ignoring any municipal codes and statutes that may exist, based on the information you have reviewed in Katko v. Briney, the Coase theorem with respect to negligence, and your own common sense, what are the policy arguments for and against tort liability in this case? The case brings into perspective the eagerness of litigants to sue for damages even when they are on the wrong. The wire mesh erected around the swimming pool differs greatly from the trap in Katko v. Briney. This is because while the trap in the former was hidden and caused damage to an unsuspecting trespasser, a wire mesh is clearly visible and when one climbs it, they do so at their own risk. The death occurred due to the man’s intoxication and not negligence on the side of the hotel. If the man had not been inebriated he would certainly have survived. As such, his death is as a result of his own cause and should not be blamed on anyone else. The mild shock could not also under normal circumstance have caused death to the homeless man. His inebriated must have largely contributed

Development during Middle Age Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Development during Middle Age - Essay Example As middle age is considered as the age of wisdom, emotional stability and social acceptance of an individual, the theories possess ample importance on human psychology and physiology. Here, an attempt is to assess the validity of foretold theories by analyzing the findings related to an interview with two middle-aged individuals. As it is not fair to disclose the identity of interviewees who co-operated with the interview, imaginary names and professions are used. The first person is George Thomas, my friend, a doctor and the second person is John Mackenzie, my relative, a professor of English Language & Literature. Louise Simmers makes clear that middle age shows emotional change and it may be either a period of satisfaction or crisis (Simmers, 2003, p. 197). Related to the theories of Erikson, Vaillant, Levinson, and Peck, which deals with the socio-emotional, physical, and cognitive development of middle-aged people, a questionnaire (see appendix-1) was prepared including fifteen questions that can be answered as yes /no. Then I informed them that they do have the right to refuse to answer any question posed to them. This helped the respondents to have a clear idea about the aim of the interview. The following part deals with the data manipulation and findings derived from the foretold interview. According to Erikson, there exist a conflict between generativity and stagnation among the middle-aged individuals. Neil J. Smelser & Erik H. Erikson concludes that: â€Å"Speaking of middle age, Erikson describes even generativity in terms of ego.† (Smelser & Erikson, 1980, p. 161)Erikson deals with problems of middle-aged people and describes generativity by relating it to the ego. The response to the first question proves that both the respondents are generative in their career but feel stagnant in their family life. Bernice Levin Neugarten reflects that middle-aged people possess different perceptions, related to their male/female role in the family (Neugarten, 1968, p. 4).

Roles in homeland security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Roles in homeland security - Essay Example Homeland Defense refers to the provision of security to the US domestic population, sovereignty, territory, and important infrastructure against threats and aggression that are external (Bullock, et al. 2013). The threat that America faces requires a bigger commitment with the individual citizens as they act as the eyes and ears of the US homeland security physical and organizational structures. The public are informed why and where given locations and actions are targets for terrorists, the things that are being done to make these targets safe and how they can be useful. The citizens are not supposed to fuel any fear to a nation that is already troubled. The major role that the individual citizens play is advancing social capital. This is through developing and maintaining social networks. These social networks are vital for providing help and information appropriate for traumatic stress management. Citizens can also volunteer to help emergency responders, community safety and disaster relief (Charvat, et al. 2012). Citizens are urged to become members of programs like Community Emergency Response Training (CERT) and Citizens Corps. They can also join local and state programs of the same nature. The state and local governments provides fast reactions and consequence minimization to attacks that happen despite all the great effort by the federal system to keep from happening. The local government prepares for the effect management role. They pay a big deal of concentration to prevention efforts. Even though they do t do much in this regard. Consequential management is a very crucial mission. First responders are prepared to deal with biological, chemical, or large explosive attacks (Abbott, et al 2010). These programs have not been always focused and efficient, they have become better as their level of funding is

Physics in the Past Essay Example for Free

Physics in the Past Essay One hundred years ago, in a poky apartment in Bern, Switzerland, Albert Einstein, then just a 26-year-old patent office clerk still working part-time towards his PhD, published five ground breaking scientific papers. Each of these papers, written during Einsteins annus mirabilis , has become a classic in the history of science: On a Heuristic Viewpoint Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light , which discusses optical photons and photoelectric effects. Molecular and New Measurement , which deduces the mathematical equation for calculating the speed of the diffusion of molecules. On the Motion of Small Particles Suspended in Stationary Liquids Required by the Molecular-Kinetic Theory of Heat , which provides proof for the existence of atoms. Does the Inertia of a Body Depend upon its Internal Energy, which proposes the idea for two-way transformation between mass and energy according to the special theory of relativity. On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies , which proposes a new theory on the relationship between time and space. This paper served as the foundation for the theory of relativity. The contemporary physics revolution, based on the theory of relativity and quantum theory, has led science into a new era. Starting from this, human exploration has extended to the boundless universe, to the distant origin of the cosmos and to the microscopic structure of objects previously unknown to mankind. Contemporary physics revolution has also spurred revolution in life sciences and geosciences in the last years. All these have changed mankinds outlook on matter, time, space, life and the universe. Moreover, this contemporary physics revolution has also given birth to technological physics including nuclear energy, semiconductors, laser, new materials such as with superconductivity, and fostered rapid development of a wide range of new technologies that have changed the methods of our industrial production and our ways of life while bringing the world to the new knowledge economics era. Founders of contemporary physics, Einstein the most outstanding among them, are undoubtedly epoch figures in the history of science and the history of mankind. It is therefore both of significance and importance for us to commemorate them in our reflections on the development of physics in the last one hundred years not just to express our gratitude but to draw inspiration from their achievements and build on their legacy to create a better future for all humankind. 1. The inconsistency between experiments and theories gave birth to new science concepts At the end of the 19 th century, people were still intoxicated with the interpretations given by classical physics. Some even held that there was not much more to do in physics. It was under such a state that the discovery of some physical phenomena revealed the limitations of interpretations given by classical physics. High-temperature measurement technology, called for by the rapid development of the metallurgical industry, led to research in thermal radiation. In the mid 19 th century, Germany emerged as the birthplace for research in this field. Thermal radiation refers to the electromagnetic waves emitted by matter when heated and largely depends on the temperature of the matter itself. Maxwells electromagnetic field theory regards light as an electromagnetic phenomenon. Although this explains the propagation of light, it does not explain the emission and reception of thermal radiation. G. R. Kirchhoff (1824—1887) advanced to use black body as an ideal body for research on thermal radiation (1859). W. Wien (1864-1928) confirmed that it is possible to regard the thermal radiation performance of a pored cavity as a black body (1896). A series of experiments demonstrated that the density of the energy emitted by such black body is related to its temperature and not to its shape or materials. Theoretical explanation of the energy spectrum curve of a black body became an essential issue in research on thermal radiation at the time. Based on the general principle of thermal mechanics and some special assumptions, Wien developed a formula to determine the energy density associated with particular wavelengths for any given temperature of a radiating black body (1896). Max Plank joined research on heat radiation during the same period. To explain the energy distribution curve of the radiated light spectrum of a black body, Plank developed a formula. It was not until 1900 that scientists proved the veracity of the formula through experimentation. Plancks formula requires that the energy emitted or absorbed by black body is the energy quanta that determine its amount. This implies that energy, like a matter, has the properties of particles, i. e. , energy also has separability and discreteness. In 1905, Einstein extended the concept of quanta to the propagation of light and proposed the light quantum theory, successfully using it to explain photoelectric effect. In 1913, the Danish physicist N.  Bohr (1885 – 1962) extended the concept of quanta to atoms, and established a quantum structural model for atoms based on the discreteness hypothesis of the energy state of atoms. Dissatisfied with the lack of self- sufficiency of Bohrs atom theory, the German physicist Werner Karl Heisenberg (1901—1976) developed matrix mechanics in 1925 by starting directly from a priori data on the frequency and intensity of spectrum of visible light. The following year, the Austrian physicist E. Schr? dinger (1892—1961) improved the wave-particle duality matter wave theory of L. V. de Broglie (1892—1994), leading to wave mechanics. Subsequent research proved the mathematical equivalence of both matrix mechanics and wave mechanics. The American physicist R. P. Feynman (1918 – 1988) later developed the third equivalent path integral quantum mechanics. It is until this period of time that quantum theory was established to its robust architecture. The thermal radiation hypothesis became the logical starting point for the birth of quantum theory. The quantum of energy concept was developed in 1900. As a result of its development and extended application, quantum mechanics, which describes the motion of subatomic particles, took form in the 1920s. The combination of quantum mechanics with the special theory of relativity gave birth to quantum field theory, which describes the generation and annihilation of subatomic particles. Development of quantum field theory has experienced three stages: classical quantum field theory (symmetrical), standard quantum field theory (non-symmetrical) and super-symmetrical quantum field theory. It has not only revealed the secrets of the subatomic world invisible to the naked eye, but deepened our understanding of the evolution of the universe and revolutionized the way people perceive the world. Quantum field theory, moreover, has set the stage for a series of key technological breakthroughs. It has been demonstrated from the experimental research on a black body radiation to the advancement of the quantum theory that science is, after all, still a positivistic knowledge system. That is, as long as a theory is not consistent with rigorous experimental results, a scientist has all the reasons to doubt the theory itself no matter how authoritative the theory it may be, no matter how many people have upheld it, and no matter how many years it has been embraced. At the same time, we should understand that the ultimate results of scientific research should give theoretical interpretation of natural phenomena discovered while this requires not only rigorous and scientific attitude and rational challenging spirit, but also profound thinking ability and deliberate analysis ability and theoretical reasoning ability. 2. Key breakthroughs in science hinge upon distillation of scientific research questions The theory of relativity advanced by Albert Einstein (1879 – 1955) is a brand new outlook on space and time. The key scientific question for the theory of relativity lies in simultaneous relativity. The theory of relativity has given justified interpretations about the relationship between time and space, the relationship between space and distribution of matters, and the relationship between matters and energy. In the process, it transformed the knowledge system of classical physics dating back to Sir Isaac Newton(1642-1727). The theory of relativity, together with quantum theory, not only formed the foundation for development of physics in the 20 th century but also raised our understanding of the nature to an entirely new level, thus having a profound effect on the way of thinking and perceptions of the world. The founding of the theory of relativity originated from the crisis of Ether, a hypothesized carrier for electromagnetic waves. The experiment report On the Relative Motion between the Earth and Light Ether published by the American physicist A. A. Michelson (1852—1931), revealed that the theory of relativity, which is universally correct in the reference to Newtonian mechanics, is incorrect in Maxwells electromagnetic field theory. Both the Dutch physicist H. A. Lorentz (1853—1928) and the French physicist J. H. Poincare (1854—1912) attempted to solve this contradiction by maintaining the Ether hypothesis. Lorentz proved that the earth system and Ether follow the same law at the first-order approximation by incorporating â€Å"length contraction† (1892), â€Å"regional time† (1895) and a new conversion relationship (1904) while the relativity principle developed by Poincare and the conversion group (1905) developed by Lorentz emphasized the universal validity of the relativity principle. Although both deviated from the framework of classical physics lay at the doorstep to the theory of relativity,but it was left to Albert Einstein to turn the key and push the door open. Einstein believed that the electromagnetic field had an independent physical existence and held the Ether hypothesis to be superfluous. His most important contribution may reside inside in the fact that he raised the critical scientific problem of â€Å"simultaneous relativity†. In On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies (1905), Einstein claimed that two events happening simultaneously in the same location do not depend on the observations of the observers; yet two events happening simultaneously at two different locations do depend on their observations. It would be meaningful only if it is indicated clearly that the events are relative to which observer. We could hardly observe such relativity of simultaneity in our daily lives because this can be discovered only when the speed of an observer is close to the speed of light. Starting from the simultaneity of relativity concept, Einstein deducted the main conclusions for the theory of special relativity through two principles: constancy of the speed of light and relativity. The general theory of relativity (1915) and the unified field theory are further developments of the theory of special relativity. Through his trilogy research on the theory of relativity, Einstein revealed to his physics colleagues his extraordinary creativity in scientific thinking. 3. Scientific imagination requires the support of rigorous experimental evidence In the year following the publication of his general theory, Einstein publishedObservations Made on Cosmology Based on the General Theory of Relativity (1917), which marked the birth of modern cosmology. Although Einsteins cosmological model followed the static Newtonian view on the universe, its field theory lays the groundwork for the existence of dynamic solutions to cosmology. The Dutch astronomer W. de Sitter (1878-1933), the Russian mathematician A. Friedmann(1888-1925) and the Belgian physicist G. Lemaitre(1894—1966) published the expanding universe theory in 1917, 1922 and 1927, respectively. The ‘red shift effect observed by the American astronomer Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) offered strong support for the expanding universe theory. Drawing on the expanding universe theory, the Russian American physicist G. Gamov (1904—1968), formulated the idea of a hot explosion of matter and energy at the time of the origin of the universe by incorporating knowledge in nuclear physics. His student R. A. Alpher(1921-) and others further derived in 1948, that the big bang explosion took place about 15 billion to 20 billion years ago and hypothesized that remains from the big bang explosion may still be circulating in the universe, presenting 5K cosmological background radiation. In 1964, two American radio engineers, A.A. Penzias (1933-) and R. W. Wilson (1936-), discovered evenly distributed isotropic cosmic microwave background radiation while tracing the source of radio noise that was interfering with the development of a communications program involving satellites. This microwave radiation is coincidentally equivalent to 3. 5K blackbody radiation. This discovery is regarded as a confirmation of the cosmic background radiation as a result of the big bang explosion. The latter years witnessed the rise of the big bang theory, which developed as the â€Å"standard model† for cosmology. In the early of 20 th century, Einstein listed the origin of a geomagnetic field as one of the five major challenges in physics. However, not until the 1960s, after the seismic wave method confirmed the layered structure of the earth, did scientists devise the â€Å"self-exciting dynamo† hypothesis, the full scientific endorsement of which awaited evidence from differential core-mantle movement obtained in 1995. Increased knowledge on the inner structure of the solid earth mainly relies on the seismic wave method. The concept of layered structure of the earth has gradually formed through analysis of variation of the seismic wave passing through the inner structure of the earth. The Croatian geophysicist, A. Mohorovi? ie (1857—1936), discovered the interface between the earths crust and mantle (1909); The German-American seismologist, B. Gutenberg (1889—1960), discovered the interface between the earths mantle and the core (1914); and the Dutch seismologist I. Lehmann discovered the interface between the earths liquid outer and solid inner core (1914). The New Zealander physicist K. E. Bullen proposed the layered model of the earth (1940). The differential core-mantle revolving movement, a hypothesis designed to explain the origin of the geomagnetic field, was later used as a mechanism to explain the inversion of the polarity of geomagnetism. However, no direct scientific evidence had been found. Based on their analysis of recorded data for 38 earthquakes, which took place between 1967 to 1995 near the Sandwich Islands close to the South Pole in South America, Dawn (Xiaodong) Song and Paul G.  Richards, Columbia University, in US, measured the speed of seismic wave transmitted from the earths inner core to a seismographic station in Alaska near the North Pole. They found that the time it took seismic wave to travel from the South Pole to the North Pole had been reduced by 0. 3 seconds over the previous years. This confirms that the earths inner core is revolving slightly faster than its crust and the mantle—indeed the earths inner core will turn one extra circle in about 300 to 400 years. Dr.  Su Weijia, another Chinese scholar residing in the US, and Dziewonski, an American seismologist, reached a similar conclusion based on analyses of seismic data from about 2000 seismographic stations around the globe. Based on their computation, the revolving speed of the earths inner core is even faster, 20 – 30 degrees just over the timeframe 1969 to 1973. It can be seen from the propositions and improvement of the theory of relativity by Einstein, the big bang theory and the geomagnetic theory that while it is important to solve problems in development of science, it seems even more important to raise key questions in science. Raising questions is the prelude to scientific research. More importantly, raising key questions reveals the creativity associated with science. Sometimes a key question in science leads to new fields and new research directions. To ask the right questions, one must have a through understanding of existing knowledge, a love for truth that transcends respect for authority, and fine observational skills and creative thinking. At the same time, one must be rational bold and confident.

Socrates And Aristotle On Virtues

Socrates And Aristotle On Virtues Socrates and Aristotle are both ancient philosophers. In their work they both taught on the idea of ethics and virtues. They believed in virtues but their understanding of what is means to be virtuous were different (Lutz, 1998). This is why their teaching on virtue as well as their lives and decisions contradicted. This paper is a critical comparison between Aristotles account of virtue and Socrates account of virtue. The similarity that exists in these teachings is that they believed in existence of virtues and taught their students on what is means to be virtuous only from their different understanding. The two philosophers believed in individuals possessing intellectual virtues. The common thread on the teachings of the two was the fact that people possessed certain virtues (Lutz, 1998). The virtues represent the most significant qualities for a person to possess. The two philosophers taught that having virtues was advantageous. Nevertheless, there are various differences on the way each understood and approached the subject. The differences in the accounts of virtues by the two philosophers are not only revealed in their teachings but also their way of life. Both Aristotle and Socrates were charged with impiety, but their differing understanding of what is virtuous and right led them to different actions. When Socrates was convicted to death, he accepted it and allowed himself to be executed. When he was offered to pay a fine for his crime he refused. He also refused to honour the pleas of Plato and his other students to run away in a boat they had ready for that purpose. Socrates is known to be a man who lived what he preached (Sherman, 1997). He refused to break the law even in the face of death and wanted to set a good example to his students. In a way through his act, he answered some of the questions he had posed to his students on virtue and courage. His actions also lived up to the fact that he advocated for friendship and true sense of commonality. This is what led Socrates to willingly accept hi s death sentence when most people thought he would flee. Socrates believed that running away from the authority amounted to going against his communitys will. As a pursuit of personal happiness, Aristotle on the other hand refused to accept his charges and fled. This is because Aristotles thinking was based on individual happiness and pleasure (Sherman, 1989). Unlike Socrates, when Aristotle was charged with impiety, he took the easy way out. He ran away rather than stay to face the charges. This tells us a lot about Aristotle. This is also evident in his argument that the final goal of human beings is happiness. He argued that living a virtuous life is something pleasurable. In his argument, the virtuous man takes pleasure in living a virtuous life. In his argument, it seems like devoid of virtues, a person cannot achieve happiness. It is like virtue is the linking aspect to happiness. This is in contrast with the theory of Socrates who argues that the best way of life is focusing on self-development instead of pursuing material things (Lutz, 1998). In his teachings, Socrates never revealed answers, nor did he reveal the truth. Socrates never taught the truth but taught his students how to find the truth by themselves. He just taught his students to discover. Socrates knew that no person could answer the questions concerning courage, virtue and duty to his satisfaction. People just claimed to be virtuous and courageous without really knowing what this meant (Sherman, 1989). On the part of Aristotle, being virtuous was a thing that people could not only understand but also achieve. Aristotle disagrees with Socrates in arguing that ethics is primarily about virtues. Socrates also argues that a person can have virtues without necessarily having the kind of knowledge that typifies mathematics of nature science. Aristotle is capable of demonstrating that ethics and personal interest may be related, that ethics is well-suited to common sense, and that a virtuous person is capable of achieving rational decisions. Aristotle also made a distinction between two kinds of virtues; ethical and intellectual. Ethical virtues come about through habitual actions. He argued that people are born with the capacity to live a virtuous life. He also argues that education is essential in establishing human capability to make virtuous acts habitual. Aristotle believed that people have to act virtuously as much as they can and by doing so they make a step in becoming virtuous. He also believes that ethical virtues need to be attended with pleasure. He believed that human beings cannot be exposed to pain when they are acting virtuously. If a person is exposed to pain as a result of an action, then he cannot be considered virtuous (Sherman, 1989). Unlike Socrates who believed in doing what is right, Aristotle believed that too much and too little are always wrong. He argued that virtuous acts are always midway states between the contrasting vices of excess and deficiency. This is unlike the idea of Socrates where there was no compromise or flexibility in being good. Aristotles theory of virtues allows for flexibility. Socrates stresses that virtue was the most important possession and that life must be lived in pursuit of good (Sherman, 1997). While both of the philosophers believed in the benefit of having virtues, it is Socrates who stresses more than Aristotle the importance of the virtues. In his Socrates view there is no go between; people had to be good. In Socrates theory the idea of happiness and pleasure brings in an aspect of compromise. Between the two philosophers, it is Socrates who forms the best example of living a virtuous life.

Third World Debt: Causes and Solutions

Third World Debt: Causes and Solutions Brief: 191234 Title: Third World Debt: Africa A detailed analysis of the third world debt problem in Africa, focusing on the problems, causes, and possible solutions to alleviating third world debt in Africa. INTRODUCTION Developing economies in Africa are facing a tough time. They are obliged to make principal repayments and interest on the external loans accumulated over the decades when they should have been spending their meagre resources on investing in health and education of their citizens, and development of infrastructure to fuel growth. In 2000, Africas external debt totalled US$ 334.3 bn, equivalent to 58% of its GDP (Siddiqi, 2001). With debt and interest payments occupying a high per cent of GDP, it results in lower spending on development. The severity of debt problem can be judged by the fact that Sub-Saharan Africa receives US$ 10 bn in aid but has to make annual loan repayments of US$ 14 bn, resulting in net outflow of foreign currency before loans and investments[1]. In 2005, Nigeria paid US$ 12 bn to the Paris Club of creditors for partial debt cancellation[2]. Millions of Africans live on less than US$ 1 per day; US$ 12 bn would have gone a long way in improving their life style and developing the infrastructure required for future growth. The severity of debt problem in Africa is so much that the All-Africa Conference of Churches has called this debt a new form of slavery, as vicious as the slave trade[3]. Rich countries and world financial institutions, mainly World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF), have started debt relief initiatives in the last decade. The High Indebted Poor Countries and Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative are steps in the right direction. These initiatives have resulted in debt reduction in many African countries and allowed their governments to spend more on social welfare. But still more is needed both in terms of relief under above initiatives and also through other initiatives like reducing trade barriers for poor countries. This document studies the reasons behind third world debt in Africa and subsequent growth of it. It then looks at some of the prominent effects on the citizens of the affected economies. It also suggests some of the solutions that can be employed in reducing the external debt of the third world countries in Africa. Successful handling of debt will lead to better lives for millions in Africa. THE REASONS BEHIND THE THIRD WORLD DEBT Debt transfer from colonizing states. The initial debt of third world countries arose from the unjust transfer of the debts of their colonizing countries. This was imposed on them when they acceded to international sovereignty. External debt of the newly independent countries amounted to US$ 59 billion in 1960[4]. Not only the amount was high for economies just starting on development but the interest rate was set at 14 per cent. Such a high interest rate made it more difficult for governments of poor countries to make capital repayments. Odious debt. World financial institutions are to be blamed for lending money to countries with dictators and undemocratic governments, knowingly well enough that most of such lending will not be used for benefits of public. Joseph Stiglitz says that when the IMF and World Bank lent money to the Democratic Republic of Congo’s ruler Mobutu, they should have known that most of the money would be used for personal enrichment of Mobutu (Stiglitz, 2002). Many times the reasons behind such lending are geopolitical to ensure alignment of the third world countries with the developed countries. Now citizens of the Democratic Republic of Congo are repaying loans that were never used for their benefit. Unregulated lending. During the high oil prices of 1970s, Arab nations deposited their excess cash with Western banks. Western banks then lent it to the third world countries without doing proper due diligence on the use of funds or the capability of the third world countries to repay in future. Mismanagement of projects. Projects, executed with foreign loans, were not managed properly resulting either in incomplete projects or projects with high over runs and time delays. Creditors didn’t do a responsible job in monitoring of the projects. INCREASE IN THIRD WORLD DEBT Over decades, external debt of the third world countries has increased because of the following reasons: High interest rate. Not only the principal loan amount was high for economies just starting on development but the interest rate was set at 14 per cent. This rate of interest is high and makes it even harder for developing countries to make loan repayments and simultaneously spend on development. Devaluation of third world currencies. External loans are to be repaid in the hard currencies of the developed countries. Over time, the currencies of third world countries have devalued significantly compared to currencies of developed countries due to high inflation and high deficits in poor countries. The decline in local currencies means that the third world countries have to work harder to repay external loans. SOCIAL AND ECONOMICAL IMPACTS HIV/AIDS. Africa is suffering heavily from AIDS and is home to two-thirds of those living with the disease worldwide[5]. Only a few in Africa have access to the treatment and rest suffer in agony due to their governments’ inability to make healthcare payments. This is because a significant part of their national income is spent on debt repayment. The rapid increase in AIDS will have a prolonged social and economic impact on the continent. As a result of governments’ inability to stop spread of AIDS and proper treatment, future governments’ will have to pay a much higher price for treatment. Also poor health will result in lower economic growth. Insufficient money for development. Given the priority of debt repayment over development projects, the governments of the third world countries are not left with enough resources to spend on much needed infrastructure development. These countries are very low on social development and need financial assistance to implement welfare plans. Reduction in debt will free money that can be used for better health and education facilities. Some of the benefits achieved in recent past because of reduction in debt are as follows: Reduction in debt has allowed Ugandan government to offer better educational facilities and it has more than doubled school enrolment in Uganda. Vaccinated half a million children against killer diseases in Mozambique Provided extra resources for treatment of HIV/AIDS patients in different countries in Africa[6]. POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS More aid to the third world countries. The amount of development assistance to the third world countries has been falling not only in terms of real amounts adjust for inflation but also in terms of percentage of developed countries income (Stiglitz, 2002). If rich countries are keen on helping poor African countries achieve better living standards then they should increase the amount of aid. Aid as grant rather than as loan. In a G8 meeting in Genoa, President Bush proposed that up to 50% of aid to developing countries should be given as direct grant rather than as loans (Veseley, 2001). Grants would help the third world countries spend more on health and education without the burden of future loan repayments. Veseley suggested that the issue of giving grants is subject to local politics at the developed countries. During recessions and higher unemployment, the governments of the developed countries would be reluctant to offer grants. Debt forgiveness. After decades of paying a high percentage of their GDP and exports to meet external loan repayments and yet no where near to either finishing off those loans or bringing them to such low levels where most of the GDP is used for development, the third world countries need debt forgiveness otherwise they simply cannot grow. In some countries the debt service is more than a quarter of exports and in some countries it is as high as half of exports (Stiglitz, 2002). The rich countries, under the ownership of World Bank and International Monetary Fund, launched Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) debt relief initiative in 1996 with the aim of ensuring that no poor country faces a debt burden it cannot manage. The rich countries will cancel the debt of poor countries who meet stringent economic conditions set out by the creditors and monitored by World Bank and IMF. In the 2005 G8 summit, rich countries agreed to cancel the debt of 14 African nations. Zambia is one of the countries to be short listed for debt cancellation. In 2003, Zambia spent twice as much on loan repayments as on healthcare. In January 2006, Zambia’s debt was reduced from US$ 7.1 bn to US$ 500 million[7]. The partial debt cancellation under HIPC has allowed the government to offer free healthcare to its citizens. The Jubilee movement in 1990s played a major role in focusing attention on debt relief. It put international pressure on IMF and rich nations and as a result, by the end of 2000, 24 countries passed the IMF threshold requirements for debt cancellations (Stiglitz, 2002). In 2005, the world financial bodies also launched the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI) which allows for full relief on debts by the IMF, the International Development Association of the World Bank, and the African Development Fund[8]. Though MDRI offers 100 per cent debt relief it does not offer any parallel debt relief by governments or multilateral institutions beyond the above three. IMF announced in December 2005 that it will grant 100 percent debt relief to 19 countries, most of them from Africa, under the MDRI amounting to about US$3.3billion[9]. This was matched by World Bank in July 2006. Though HIPC and MDRI initiatives are light at the end of tunnel and raise hopes of debt cancellation, yet they are far from the full action required to take care of debt problem. The poor countries are required to meet stringent economic conditions before they can be offered partial debt cancellation. Not all of the developing countries in Africa are in a state to meet tough fiscal conditions because of poor state of their economies. Putting more fiscal measures in place would deprive their citizens of even bare minimum standards. As of result of tough conditions, only about a quarter of African nations have qualified for HIPC and MDRI. Even after debt cancellation for 14 countries, African countries still owe over US$ 200 bn to rich countries and they would still have to pay US$ 14 bn every year in debt repayments to rich countries[10]. The deal would result in annual saving of about US$ 1 bn, which is not enough considering that US$ 14 bn is still payable every year. Also the deal proposed under HIPC doesn’t cancel 100% of debts of any country. The debt cancellation will be 79% for Uganda and 48% for Mozambique[11]. Partial debt cancellation is better than nothing but the governments would still have to make debt repayments when they could have used the money for development. Rich countries to open trade to poor countries. Agriculture is the most important occupation in the third world countries and it is the biggest employer in Africa (Veseley, 2001). Most of the developed countries give subsidies to their farmers. These subsidies result in not only lower agricultural exports to the developed countries but also to other countries. The poorest countries account for less than 1% of the world’s food exports (Veseley, 2001). Doha round of trade talks is focused on removing the agricultural subsidies in US and Europe. The World Bank estimates that if subsidies and trade issues are resolved in the Doha round, then it would generate extra gains in real income of about US$ 20 bn by 2015 to developing countries (Siddiqi, 2006). Mr James Wolfensohn, ex-President of World Bank said that the most important step for development of poor countries is for rich countries to open their markets fully to exports from the developing countries (Veseley, 2001). Stiglitz notes that so unfair has the trade agenda been that Sub-Saharan African countries were actually made worse off as a result of the last round of trade negotiations (Stiglitz, 2002). A reduction in agricultural subsidies would increase exports from African countries and allow them better chances of not only GDP growth but also in meeting IMF criteria for HIPC and MDRI debt relief. CONCLUSION The third world countries in Africa are heavily burdened with debt and significant part of their foreign exchange earnings and new loans are used for repayment of principal and interest on previous loans. The third world countries are paying for legacy issues and are not left with money for the development work on health, education and generation of employment that is needed urgently. The government of developing and crippled economies in Africa are spending their hard earned money on meeting debt repayments when ideally they should have been spent on provision of health issues like HIV/AIDS, education and generating employment opportunities. Rich countries and world financial bodies have taken initiatives under HIPC and MDRI schemes to reduce the debt burden of the third world countries. In 2005, 14 African nations were short listed for debt cancellation. 19 countries qualified for debt cancellation under the MDRI scheme. Countries are already seeing benefits of lower debt repayments in terms of better health and education facilities. But still a lot more needs to be done. HIPC offers only partial relief. Also some of the economic conditions imposed under HIPC will make it difficult for the African governments’ to offer free services to their citizens. The rich countries should offer more aid as grant rather than as loan. Also they need to reduce subsidies and open up their economies to poor countries. This would not only help reduce the debt of the third world countries but also increase their GDPs. BIBLIOGRPAHY Siddiqi, M (2001) . â€Å"Africa hanging in there†, African Business, London, Sep 2001, Iss. 268, Pg. 16 Siddiqi, M (2006). â€Å"Crunch time for world trade deal†, African Business, London, Oct 2006, Iss. 324, Pg. 32 Stiglitz, J.E. â€Å"Globalization and its discontents†, Penguin Books, 2002. Veseley, M. â€Å"Will Bush back words with deeds†, African Business, London, Sep 2001, Iss. 268, Pg. 20 [1] â€Å"Campaign to cancel Africa’s debt†, http://www.africaaction.org/campaign_new/debt_more.php, 2 Dec 2006 [2] â€Å"Campaign to cancel Africa’s debt†, http://www.africaaction.org/campaign_new/debt_more.php, 2 Dec 2006 [3] â€Å"Campaign to cancel Africa’s debt†, http://www.africaaction.org/campaign_new/debt_more.php, 2 Dec 2006 [4] â€Å"Third World Debt A Continuing Legacy of Colonialism†, http://www.southcentre.org/info/southbulletin/bulletin85/bulletin85.htm, 2 Dec 2006 [5] â€Å"The G8 and Africa: Reality Check†, http://www.africaaction.org/newsroom/index.php?op=readdocumentid=1985type=15issues=1027, 2nd Dec 2006 [6] â€Å"The debt crisis and the jubilee campaign†, http://www.jubileeusa.org/edpacket/intro.pdf, 2nd Dec 2006 [7] â€Å"Africa out of the Limelight: The Debt Crisis One Year After The Gleneagles G8†, http://www.africaaction.org/newsroom/index.php?op=readdocumentid=1954type=15issues=2, 2nd Dec 2006 [8] â€Å"Debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative†, http://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/facts/hipc.htm, 2nd Dec 2006 [9] â€Å"IMF to extend 100 Percent Debt Relief for 19 Countries Under the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative†, http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/pr/2005/pr05286.htm, 2nd Dec 2006 [10] â€Å"Africa out of the Limelight: The Debt Crisis One Year After The Gleneagles G8†, http://www.africaaction.org/newsroom/index.php?op=readdocumentid=1954type=15issues=2, 2nd Dec 2006 [11] â€Å"Africa out of the Limelight: The Debt Crisis One Year After The Gleneagles G8†, http://www.africaaction.org/newsroom/index.php?op=readdocumentid=1954type=15issues=2, 2nd Dec 2006

The Evolution of Sex Essay -- Teenagers Media Relationships Papers

The Evolution of Sex Take the 1960s notion of free love, combine with today's sexually active teenagers who expect no emotional commitment, and you have the modern definition for â€Å"hook up.† The term evolved just as many ideas about sex have in this last century. Hooking up is no longer just kissing, it involves oral sex and also intercourse, it is all about the casual sex. The practice of casual sex is more popular among American teenagers; however, the feelings of independence and empowerment obtained by it are not the only consequences. Having multiple random partners can result in sexually transmitted diseases (STD), HIV, unwanted pregnancies and other physical risks. Moreover, depression and intimacy problems can bear psychological problems and harm a practitioner more than believed. â€Å"(Casual sex) does make me feel empowered...and it can be quite a lot of fun. But you have to go into it with your head fully wrapped around the idea that nothing will result from it, that it doesn’t mean anything besides two people giving into their physical desires,† said 19-year-old, Boston student, Danielle. Like Danielle, many young adults, and teenagers, have sex without attachment. For example, more than half of 11th-graders surveyed by the Bowling Green State University, in Ohio, said they have had intercourse, and of them a 60 percent did it with an acquaintance, they survey said. That number may have been higher if the survey had included oral sex, said the university. For many teenagers having sex with acquaintances it is their first experience. The reasons why they rush into sex may vary, but include peer pressure and a desire to live the experience at once. A recent SexSmarts survey, by the Kaiser Family Foundation and... ...ill one’s sexual desires while hindering sentiments, said the SexEtc Web site. Teenagers and young adults need to be taught that having sex is not just another fact of life and that it has a meaning, and it has consequences. Whether a young person decides to have sex or wait until marriage, parents or guardians need to respect their decisions and keep an open door policy so that they can feel safe to ask questions and make thought out, balanced, decisions. "When you reach a certain age of maturity you can decide if you’re emotionally capable of handling the consequences," said Danielle. "My parents gave us a lot of freedom and I am very thankful it because we were able to talk like adults when I was a teenager and they answered my questions head-on, that’s the only way to make sure that your children don’t turn elsewhere for their personal sexual education." The Evolution of Sex Essay -- Teenagers Media Relationships Papers The Evolution of Sex Take the 1960s notion of free love, combine with today's sexually active teenagers who expect no emotional commitment, and you have the modern definition for â€Å"hook up.† The term evolved just as many ideas about sex have in this last century. Hooking up is no longer just kissing, it involves oral sex and also intercourse, it is all about the casual sex. The practice of casual sex is more popular among American teenagers; however, the feelings of independence and empowerment obtained by it are not the only consequences. Having multiple random partners can result in sexually transmitted diseases (STD), HIV, unwanted pregnancies and other physical risks. Moreover, depression and intimacy problems can bear psychological problems and harm a practitioner more than believed. â€Å"(Casual sex) does make me feel empowered...and it can be quite a lot of fun. But you have to go into it with your head fully wrapped around the idea that nothing will result from it, that it doesn’t mean anything besides two people giving into their physical desires,† said 19-year-old, Boston student, Danielle. Like Danielle, many young adults, and teenagers, have sex without attachment. For example, more than half of 11th-graders surveyed by the Bowling Green State University, in Ohio, said they have had intercourse, and of them a 60 percent did it with an acquaintance, they survey said. That number may have been higher if the survey had included oral sex, said the university. For many teenagers having sex with acquaintances it is their first experience. The reasons why they rush into sex may vary, but include peer pressure and a desire to live the experience at once. A recent SexSmarts survey, by the Kaiser Family Foundation and... ...ill one’s sexual desires while hindering sentiments, said the SexEtc Web site. Teenagers and young adults need to be taught that having sex is not just another fact of life and that it has a meaning, and it has consequences. Whether a young person decides to have sex or wait until marriage, parents or guardians need to respect their decisions and keep an open door policy so that they can feel safe to ask questions and make thought out, balanced, decisions. "When you reach a certain age of maturity you can decide if you’re emotionally capable of handling the consequences," said Danielle. "My parents gave us a lot of freedom and I am very thankful it because we were able to talk like adults when I was a teenager and they answered my questions head-on, that’s the only way to make sure that your children don’t turn elsewhere for their personal sexual education."

Insider Trading , Jeffery Archer :: essays research papers

Insider Trading Article Q1. What is Jeffery Archer accused of? Jeffery Archer is accused of insider trading with the shares of Anglia TV. Jeffery bought shares for the â€Å"inside information† of the companies dealing account, the day after the last board meeting but before the bid was announced. He should have known that even if he found out insider information from his wife the law makes it clear that he cannot deal or trade with that stock. It would be considered unfair to the rest of the shareholders, because other shareholders would not have the same information like Jeffery. As we know the buying and selling of shares must be based on public information Q2. Who is Mary Archer and which insider trading rule, may she have violated? Mary Archer is the wife of Jeffery Archer, and also she is a director for Anglia TV Company. The insider trading rule that Mary may have violated is that if she did tell her husband about the insider information from board meetings, she should beware that director’s close relatives are not allowed to deal ahead of takeover bids. Also questions arise in the article, that as it is accepted that Mary did not tell her husband about the bid, how much information has found out without her knowledge. If she did share information with her husband than she violate the rule of insider trading which states that:†Insider shouldn’t communicate private information to others who are likely to use it†. Q3. Who is Brooke Saib and which insider trading rule has he violated? Brook Saib was the aide of Jeffery Archer. The article shows that he has access to brokers and invests a lot. What happened was that Jeffery bought shares through a different broker than the usual, with the name of Brook Saib and the profits transferred to Saib’s account. The odd thing is that also a profit of 80,000 pounds has left Saib’s account. And over that, he said that â€Å"dare not say† where the money is.

The Cathedral

â€Å"Where ignorance is our master, there is no possibility of real peace†, (Dalai Lama XIV). This quote relates to the narrator in Raymond Carver’s short story, â€Å"The Cathedral†. In this story Bub’s ignorance is shown in various parts throughout the story. Towards the end of the story, Bub has an epiphany. This makes him realize how ignorant he’s been towards his wife as well as Robert, her childhood sweetheart and present day best friend. He enters from a world of insecurities to a world of peace. The narrator’s jealousy and ignorance, is seen in many parts throughout the story. An example of Bub’s jealousy is when he says, â€Å"I waited in vain to hear my name on my wife’s sweet lips†¦ but I heard nothing of the sort. More talk of Robert†, (Carver, Pg. 98). Not only does he show jealousy, Bub also shows ignorance when he stereotypes against Robert. As if stereotyping against Robert wasn’t enough, Bub goes on to stereotype against Robert’s late wife Beulah, as he sarcastically said, â€Å"Beulah! That’s a name for colored woman†, (Carver, Pg. 5). Beulah passed away in her lost battle to gland cancer. He also showed his ignorance when he quoted, â€Å"I wasn’t enthusiastic about his visit. He was no one I knew. And his being blind bothered me†, (Carver, Pg. 94). Overall, the way he expressed himself about Robert, â€Å"the blind man†, in the story simply said a lot about him. Bub comes out from a world of insecurities to a world of peace, the moment he lets himself be guided by Robert. They drew a cathedral; a symbol of faith, conversion, creativity, and strength. It was like nothing else in my life up to now†, (Carver, Pg. 103). The narrator faced his insecurities with Robert as well as his ability to interact with others. At first Bub could find no significance to it and found it hard to explain to Robert. It wasn’t until Robert told him to close his eyes and continue drawing, that made a light bulb in his head go on, â€Å"It’s really something†, (Carver, Pg. 103). Bub was blinded before he realized how ignorant he was in regards to his marriage as well as with Robert. In conclusion we face ignorance on an everyday basis. It shows our lack of knowledge and sometimes reaches extreme measures. Ignorance occurs when people believe they know everything and act upon it, when this isn’t reality. This is a quality that the narrator possessed. Without knowing, his inability to see the positive in people almost caused him his marriage. He was so caught up with his insecurities that he almost oversaw his wife’s attempted suicide. It’s important to admit and overcome ignorance in order to find the inner peace within oneself.

The water was falling so fast that you would have thought that it was going to battle

The piss was f in alling so nimble that you would have feeling that it was going to battle. The give-up the ghosts stabbed the cliff and in two and comeed place at the summit wish well a haemorrhage of white blood. The narrow flow of water widened as it drop, preparing to face the enemy. The close to noticeable thing ab expose the water was the earsplitting sound that it made manage giant cymbals in an orchestra, crashing together. However, after consumption a while near the terrible waterfall you could no longer figure it. It was as if it had become a soil scene in a story, which has been on that point from the start and will continue to be there until the end.A huge beleaguer of brandish surrounded the deep family into which the waterfall plunged. It was there to protect what personate beneath, to stop intruders, and to c one timeal its secrets. E real straightaway and then when I ad exactlyed my tip a rock would crumble impinge on the cliff side, like a sold ier dying. After the initial impact I waited. A few seconds later the rock would at last plunge to its cobblers last in the deep pool waiting for it below. From the sound of the crack it felt like mostone was following me, trying to cloy me away and stop me from finding the secret. The cliffs had volumed cracks in them each one recounting us a story from the inappropriate past. The rocks gave off a bland olfactory modality which was still was very noticeable. It olfactory propertyed old as if it was telling us all its memorial in one quick sniff. The furious valleys looked like bombastic monsters ready to swoop on the water if it made any wrong moves.Every now and then I would look down at the astounding scenery below. One of the introductory things I would notice was the carpet of park spears below me ready to catch me when I fell. The trees besides gave off a slow smell of fresh new mouth which was very different to the dull, old smell of the rock that surrounde d me. From where I was perched the outcry was very distant yet my ears in some way focused in on it, as if wanting to hear it. It was the sweet, soulful approve songs of the sparrows that sat on the tops of the enlarged trees.The waterfall did not only wee off an eardrum-bursting sound but it also gave off a cloud-like defile that engulfed the area. It was a very hot and humid mean solar day and this mist was the only thing that gave any relief form the extreme heat. The mist felt so cool against my sweaty come up that it was as if a ghost had just passed through me. One minute I felt a cool whizz pass through me and the next it was asleep(p) and the hot sweaty quality of the day returned once more. The sky was grey with dark patches and some blue patches as though it hadnt inflexible what it wanted to be yet whether to be a gorgeous day with the solarize shining off the rocks or to effuse and make everyone go inside. It was a regular(prenominal) autumn day un persis tent, would it a blithe sunny summer-like day or would be like a day in winter with a white binding c everyplaceing everything and causing us to crape up by the fire. Unfortunately it decided to be a mixture of twain wet and gloomy.I was completely drenched in to the skin and my hands slid continuously over the slimy surface of the cliff. I was very near the top now and I had to struggle to keep my hands from slipping. I tried to find a behind hole in one of the large crevasses in the rock but the ones at bottom reach were covered in seepage and were very small. I had to use all my climbing ability to get out of this one. I eased my foot into the foot bound and suddenly, the rock cracked. I had nothing to hold on to, nothing to grip. I began to fall faster and faster. As I fell I was got wetter and wetter and I felt as though I and the waterfall were one and the same. The water was locomote so fast that you would have thought that it was going to battle.

Elements Of Property Offences In UK Essay

triggerIn most societies today, place dis valuates dupe perish prevalent in most begs of integrity. thither have been cases of retention venomous offensive pieceivitys here and on that point in most countries of the world. fall in car parkwealth is non exceptional when it comes to the issue of shoes umbrages on that pointof, in this seminar presentation a sententious or close examination of stead offences in the United Kingdom shall be the focus of our discussion. This will prep atomic number 18 the youngish and potential layers in colleges for their imp deathing bemock up counterbalanceness examination. Thus, this penning is a piece of land to success in the area of sorry integrity, as it will broaden the horizon of students stressing in criminal law, wear outicularly in the area prop offences.AN OVERVIEW OF billet OFFENCES at that place are wide varieties or kinds of property offences chthonian both the unc knocked discover(p)h law and the sta tue law as initiated by the sevens. apprehensiveness of what is full term common law becomes self-asserting here the common law is the law which has been built up by decide making decisions over centuries. We refer to the resolve law as precedents, which it is offer called in most courts today. Like the case preceding(prenominal), down the stairsstanding of property offences the main statue law passed by the sevens of New South Wales which deals with property offences is the law-breakings turn of events 1900, which has been amended by the parliament m all generation since it was en symboliseed.Property offences indeed involve extremely complicated affinitys surrounded by the property itself, whose property it is and whether or not it is in almost bingle(a)s possession, and what relationship or understanding in that location is in the midst of the accused and the victim about the property. It is therefore very important to assume careless examination of the vari ous issues that can draw close from property offences. This will provide fair to middling insight and information to a pause understanding of property offences.The most common offences are take forthth, receiving and malicious damage, which shall be toughened below.It is an offence under the Crime portrayal of 1900 in New South Wales to grant larceny. Thus the maximum penalty for much(prenominal) given by the statute is 5 years goal. The meaning or component gos of the offence of larceny are governed by the common law, or judge- do law, which have built up over the years with judicial decisions. The elements of the offence of larceny are well formal and have been summarized gum olibanum.A soulfulness mustiness without the acquiesce of the owner, contrivanceulently and without claim of ripe do in good faith, take and carry away, eachthing capable of being stolen, with imprisoned at the time of such(prenominal)(prenominal) pickings permanently to deprive the ow ner of that property. As shown here, each of these elements contain facts which would have to be proven beyond reasonable doubts by the prosecution for the offence to be turn out in court. A typical poser is that if a some form walks into a defecate and takes a stand of rice from and walks out considering to keep the bag of rice for himself or herself, and without whatsoever permission or unspoiled to do so, that somebody is shamefaced of larceny. crop lifting is the most common form of larceny. However, if the facts are charged straightly, the prosecution cannot succeed. This essence that if the person who took the bag of rice does not limit to permanently deprive the owner of the rice, past he does not commit larceny. If the bag of rice actually becomes to the person because he or she paid for it in the stool earlier that day and left it in the shop to be collected posterior, accordingly there is no case of larceny because the person a claim of right and ownership. T he variations on the facts are mevery and all(prenominal) case is haled depending on its own facts in the law court. phone numberUS REUS AND MENS REAThe actus reus-sometimes called the external element of a crime is a Latin term for the red-handed act which, when proved beyond reasonable doubt in faction with the mens rea, i.e. the unlawful mind produces criminal liability in common law-based on criminal law jurisdiction of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, England, Scotland, and the United States. According to Allen, Michael In criminal law, mens reathe Latin term for sinful mind is normally one of the necessary elements of crime.The standards common law test of criminal liability is usually expressed in Latin express actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea, which means that the act does not make a person blameworthy unless the mind is as well as guilty. Thus in jurisdictions with due process, there must be an actus reus accompanied by some level of mens rea to constitute th e crime with which the defendant is charged.In this thought, mens rea refers to the mental element of the offence that accompanied the actus reus. In some jurisdictions, the terms mens rea and actus reus have been superseded by alternate(a) terminology. However, there are four customary classes of mens rea which its words may vary from one state to an new(prenominal). These include (1) purposeion (2) familiarity (3) Recklessness (4) negligence.A GENERAL INTRODUCTION INTO larceny BY THEFT hazard 1968, looting S. 8(1)The practise 1960 (1968c. 60) is an act of the parliament of the United Kingdom, governing most of the popular property offences in English law. On 15 January 2007, the Fraud puzzle out 2006 came into force, reiterate most of the offences f john. Historically, the thievery Act 1960 resulted from the efforts of the fell Law Revision committal to reform the English law of Theft.The thievery Act 1916 had codified the common law, including thieving itself, o nly if it remained a complex sack up of offences. The intention of the Theft Act 1968, was to change the existing law of larceny and different cunning related offences, by private enactment, creating a more coherent body of principles that would allow the law to evolve to relate a new salvations. The Act was assented to on July 26th, 1968.To understand Theft by Theft Act, the basic definition of larceny itself becomes imperative.THEFT DEFINITIONIn the criminal Law, thievery (also known as stealing) is the illegal victorious of an some other(prenominal)(prenominal) persons property without that persons freely-give take on. As a term, it is used as shorthand for all major crimes against property, include offences such as burglary, embezzlement, larceny, looting, looting, mugging, trespassing, shop lifting, intrusion, fraud (theft by fraud) and sometimes criminal changeover. Theft is offer considered to be corresponding with larceny. In this execution, theft has replace d larceny. Therefore, someone who carries out an act o for makes career of theft known as a thief. Therefore, a person shall be guilty of theft if he venally appropriate, property be to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of it.DETAILS OF THEFT TO THEFT figure out 1968THEFT ACT 1968, AGGRAVATED BURGLARY.ROBBERY = P.A person is guilty of robbery if he steals, and immediately before or at the time of doing so, and in rank to do so, he uses force on any person or throw aways or seeks to put any person in fear of being there and there subjected to force. This means in a pull in and simple term that the victim of such robbery is subjected to either physical or mental torture. This is a strategy enforce by the robber to accompany his / her mission. In this case, a typical recitation is relevant. resign for instance, Mr. bathroomson and Alfred entered a hotel with a gun and changeable to the air to intimidate the customers and the workers, collected mon ies and other valuables from them, on their way out of the hotel, they were caught by the alerted patrol team of the police, in this spot Alfred and Mr. Johnson are guilty of robbery.A person guilty of robbery or of an assaults with intent to rob, shall on conviction on indictment be liable to immurement for life. This should be the case of Alfred and Mr. Johnson exemplified to a higher place.BURGLARYA person is guilty of burglary ifHe enters any expression or part of a building as a trespasser, he steals or attempts to steal anything in the building or that part of tit or reduces or attempts to inflict on any person therein any weighed down bodily harm.The offences referred to in sub- discussion voice 1(a) above are offences of stealing anything in the building or part of a building in capitulum, of inflicting on any person therein any grievous bodily harm or (raping any person therein, and of doing unlawful damage to the building or anything therein.iii. A person guilty o f burglary shall be on conviction on indictment be liable to bonds for a term not specialWhere the offence was committed in respect of a building or part of a building which is a domicil fourteen yearsIn any other case, ten years.References in subdivisions (1) and (2) above to a building, and the reference in subsection (3) above to a building which is a dwelling, shall apply also to an inhabited fomite or vessel, and shall apply to any such vehicle or vessel at times when the person having a residence in it is not there as well as at times when he is.A good example of a person who seems to be guilty of burglary is established thusMr. Ali broke into Mr. Johns room, while he is away in Ger more, on leaving, the security caught him, and dragged him to the court John Mr. Alis action, he is guilty of burglary and is liable to face the charges and all the penalties.OBTAINING PROPERTY BY untruth. S. 15 Any property acquire without the go for of the own with any form of dubious mea ns is said to be a crime. pull away for instance, it a vehicle is taken with the consent of the owner, it is said to be legal, however when consent if ignored, it is consequently said to be deception. other good example is when one put up a force indistinguishability operator to hire a car. This overlaps with the 15 offences of obtaining property or services by deception. victorious by force may be robbery when defendant did not intend the victim to recover the car at all or so in earnest damaged that it arrives to theft. It the evidence is insufficient for theft, the alternate(a) charges are aggravated vehicle taking or blackmailing under S21. Note that S12 (7) protects the disport of people hiring or buying under a hire purchase understanding deeming them to be the owner for the purposes of S12. http.//en/wikipedia.org/wiki/IWOCH/ without the consent of the owner.AVERSION OF LIABILITY BY DECEPTION UNDER S.2 D THEFT ACT 1979Forgery is the process of making or adapting ob jects or documents 9see false document), with the intent to deceive. The connatural crime of fraud is the crime of deceiving another including through the use of objects obtaining through counterfeitery. Copies, studios replies, and reproductions are not considered forgeries, though they may later become forgeries through knowing and wilful misattributions.In the 16th century imitators of Albrecht Durers style of print making meliorate the market for their own prints by sign language them AD, making them forgeries.In the twentieth century the art market make forgeries highly profitable. There are widespread forgeries of especially valued artists, such as drawings meant to be by Picasso, Nee, and matisse. This usage of forgery does not derive from metal work through with(p) at forge, but it has a parallel history. A sense of to counterfeit is already in the Anglo-French verb forger falsify. Forgery is one of the techniques of fraud, including identity theft. Forgery is one of th e threats that have to be addressed by security engineering.A forgery is essentially occupationed with a produced or altered object. Where the prime concern of forgery is less focused on the object itself what it is worth or what it proves than on a tacit statement of censure that is revealed by reactions the object provokes in others, then the larger process is a hoax. In a hoax, a rumor or a genuine object put in a concocted situation, may reticence for a gorged physical object.OBTAINING A cash TRANSFER THROUGH DECEPTIONObtaining a currency beam by deception (1) alter section 15 of the (1968 c. 60) theft Act 1968 insert is a obtaining a capital vary by deceptionA person is guilty of an offence if by any deception he dishonestly obtains a cash shift for himself or another.A money transfer occurs when a calculate is made to one drawa category doctrine is made to another accountthe recognize results from account results from the characterReferences to a credit and to a debit are to a credit of an amount of money and to a debit of an amount of money.It is im existent (in particular) whether the amount assign is the aforementioned(prenominal) as the amount debitedwhether the money transfer is numbered on presentation of cheque or by another methodwhether any delay occurs in the process by which the money transfer effected.Whether any intermediate credits or debits are made in the course of the money transfer.Whether either of the accounts is overdrawn before or after the money transfer is affect.A person guilty of an offence under this section shall be liable in conviction on indictment to imprisonment for a term not stupendous tem years. 15 B section 15A adjuvant (1) the following provisions have effect for the interpretation of section 15A of this Act.Deception has the same meaning as in section 15 of this Act.Account means an account kept with a bank ora person carrying on a air which falls within subsection (4) belowA ancestry f alls within subsection if in the jinx of the business money received by way of deposit is lent to others orany other activity of the business is financed wholly or to any material extent, out of the capital of r the engross on money received by way of deposit.For the purpose of subsection (4) above all the activities which a person carries on by way of business shall be regarded as a single business carried on by him andmoney includes money expressed in a currency other then sterling in the European currency unit (as be in council regulation N. 3320/94/EC or any community puppet replacing it.Nothing in this section has effect in relation to anything done before the day on which this act is passed.Dishonesty retaining a wrongful credit (1) after section 24 of the theft Act 1968 insert 24 a dishonestly retaining a wrongful credit (1) A person is guilty of an offence if a wrongful credit has been made to an account kept by him or in respect of which he has any right or interest.He knows or believes that the credit is wrongful and he dishonestly fails to take such steps as are reasonable in the draw to secure that the credit is cancelled.References to a credit are to a credit of an amount of money.A credit to an account is also wrongful if it is the credit side of money transfer obtained contrary to section 15A of this ActThe few sited examples should do as they have clearly established the meaning of deception in the case of money transfer.once and for all thus, this piece of work is a route to a great success in the area of criminal law in relation to students who are preparing for their mock examination. In this regards, the student of criminal law, at the end this seminar paper presentation will be sure that they wont be ridiculed by any kind of question that might likely confront them. Thus, this paper is a total and holistic analyze of Theft by Theft Act of 1968 under the U.K criminal law. The paper thus is an eye opener to the students as many thing , would become quite clear to them.REFERENCESAllen Michael (2005) Criminal Law. Oxford. Oxford University Press.//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TWOC without the content of the owner.